Author: Chris Castellano

CW3E at the 2025 American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting

CW3E at the 2025 American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting

CW3E will be participating in the upcoming American Meteorological Society 105th Annual Meeting. Sessions chaired and presentations delivered or co-authored by CW3E researchers and collaborators are listed below in alphabetical order of first author (last name). CW3E researchers, post-docs, and graduate students are bolded. CW3E funded research collaborators or alumni are italicized.

Monday, 13 January 2025

3B.5 – R20 Observations and Model Verification of Landfalling ARs in Western Washington during early December 2023
Jason M. Cordeira, UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA; and A. M. Wilson, C. Castellano, E. Knappe, R. Weihs, D. Axisa, and F. M. Ralph
15th Conference On Transition Of Research To Operations (15R2O)

2A.4 – Representation of High-Impact Weather in a Novel High-Resolution Climate-Scale Simulation using the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A)
James DiGilio, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL; and A. C. Michaelis, W. E. Chapman, L. Getker, F. Cannon, D. F. Steinhoff, L. Delle Monache, G. M. Lackmann, B. Guan, and F. M. Ralph
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

2B.5 – How do Future Projected Changes in Winter Snowfall Patterns Affect Our Ability to Characterize Them?
Kayden Haleakala, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA; and A. C. Michaelis, W. T. Brandt, A. Cooper, G. Lewis, V. A. Gensini, PhD, CCM, W. S. Ashley, and T. Dixon
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

4.3 – Assessing the Impact of Air-Sea Coupling on Subseasonal Predictability of Atmospheric Rivers
Tien-Yiao Hsu, University of California San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA; and M. R. Mazloff, M. Zheng, R. Sun, S. T. Gille, M. Simpson, B. D. Cornuelle, and L. Delle Monache
13th Symposium on the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Sub-Seasonal Monsoon Variability

Poster 234 – MJO The Prediction Skills of Atmospheric Rivers over the Western United States in three Subseasonal Hindcast Models
Wen-Shu Lin, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and J. R. Norris, M. J. DeFlorio, and F. M. Ralph
13th Symposium on the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Sub-Seasonal Monsoon Variability

4B.6 – Atmospheric River Reconnaissance: 2025 Update
F. Martin Ralph, SIO, La Jolla, CA
41st Conference on Environmental Information Processing Technologies

3B.3 – Using Google Earth as a Flight Planning Tool for Atmospheric River Reconnaissance Flights
Shawn C. Roj, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and B. Kawzenuk, A. M. Wilson, S. M. Bartlett, J. Ludtke, K. Hurley, and F. M. Ralph
15th Conference On Transition Of Research To Operations (15R2O)

3.1 – The Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) Project: Improved Radar-based Observations and Forecasts for the San Francisco Bay Area
Jonathan J. Rutz, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and V. Chandrasekar, R. B. Vilela, M. Steen, D. Roberts, and F. M. Ralph
29th Conference on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface (IOAS-AOLS)

4B.2 – How do AI How do AI Data-driven Models Compare with Physics-based Models in Predicting ARs and Extreme Precipitation in the Western US at Subseasonal Lead Times?
Agniv Sengupta, SIO, La Jolla, CA; and J. L. Bano Medina, Z. Liu, Z. Yang, J. Wang, Z. Zhang, M. J. DeFlorio, and L. Delle Monache
24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Science

4.1 – The NCEI Climate Data Record for Atmospheric Rivers: Initial Results over the Western United States
Emily A. Slinskey, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes (CW3E) Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and J. J. Rutz, B. Guan, and F. M. Ralph
13th Symposium on the Weather, Water, and Climate Enterprise

3.4 – Sensitivity of the Asian Summer Monsoon water vapor transport to Arabian Sea SST anomalies: A case study from 2023
Rui Sun, SIO La Jolla, CA; A. C. Subramanian, Tien Yao Hsu, A. J. Miller, and I. Hoteit
24th Conference on Air-Sea Interaction

Session 3B – Atmospheric River Reconnaissance: Observations, Science Advances, and Impact on Forecasts and Downstream Decision-Making: Part I
Chairs: Vijay Tallapragada, NOAA/NWS/Environmental Modeling Center, Anna M. Wilson, SIO, La Jolla, CA
15th Conference On Transition Of Research To Operations (15R2O)

J4B.4 – Evaluating the Impact of Dropsonde Data from the 2023-2024 Atmospheric River Reconnaissance on NCEP Operational GFS Forecasts
Vijay S. Tallapragada, NOAA/NWS/Environmental Modeling Center, College Park, MD; and X. Wu, K. Wu, F. M. Ralph, and A. M. Wilson
33rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/29th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

3B.4 – A Climatology of Forecast Sensitivity for Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers along the US West Coast
Ryan D. Torn, Univ. at Albany, Albany, NY; and J. Cordeira and F. M. Ralph

15th Conference On Transition Of Research To Operations (15R2O)

4.5 – Association of Western US Compound Hydrometeorological Extremes with MJO and ENSO Interaction
Jiabao Wang, Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and M. J. DeFlorio, A. Gershunov, K. Guirguis, L. Delle Monache, and F. M. Ralph
13th Symposium on the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Sub-Seasonal Monsoon Variability

Tuesday, 14 January 2025

8A.4 – Are AI Data-Driven Weather Models Learning Atmospheric Physics? Initial Condition Sensitivity Analysis of Cyclone Xynthi
Jorge Luis Bano Medina, SIO, La Jolla, CA; and A. Sengupta, J. D. Doyle, C. A. Reynolds, D. Watson-Parris, and L. Delle Monache
24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Science

Poster 419 – Do AI Models Produce Better Atmospheric River Forecasts than Physics Based Models? A Quantitative Evaluation
Isaac Davis, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO; and A. C. Subramanian, T. Higgins, and L. Delle Monache
24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Science

Poster 365 – Spatial and Temporal Distributions of North American and U.S. Surface Fronts Using NOAA/NCEP WPC Surface Analyses
Eric G. Hoffman, Plymouth State Univ., Plymouth, NH; and S. M. Bartlett, N. D. Metz, and J. Cordeira
33rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/29th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

Poster 479 – Atmospheric River Reconnaissance – An Overview of Activities During Water Year 2024
Brian Kawzenuk, SIO, La Jolla, CA; and A. M. Wilson, S. Babbitt, S. C. Roj, P. Iniguez, M. Steen, J. Cordeira, J. J. Rutz, F. M. Ralph, and V. S. Tallapragada
15th Conference On Transition Of Research To Operations (15R2O)

Poster 404 – Comparison of AQPI X-Band and NEXRAD S-Band Radar-Estimated Rain Rates during an Extreme Atmospheric River Event
Matthew Steen, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and R. B. Vilela, J. J. Rutz, V. Chandrasekar, and B. Garcia
25th Symposium on Meteorological Observation and Instrumentation

Wednesday, 15 January 2025

J12C.5 – Incorporating Principles of Environmental Justice into Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations, a Climate and Flood Adaptation Strategy
Thomas Corringham, SIO, La Jolla, CA; and S. Ogle, E. Yeates, S. Madonia, D. Nelson, F. M. Ralph, and J. M. Shepherd
39th Conference on Hydrology/20th Symposium on Societal Applications: Policy, Research and Practice/Sixth Symposium on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

12B.2 – Evaluation of West-WRF with Noah-MP for Hydrometeorological Prediction in California
Samuel Dahl, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; and X. Zeng, M. A. Brunke, D. F. Steinhoff, M. Simpson, and L. Delle Monache
33rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/29th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

Session 11A – Atmospheric Rivers: Processes, Impacts, and Communicating Uncertainty I
Co-Chairs: Bin Guan, UCLA; Christine Shields, NCAR; Alexandre Ramos, KIT
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

12B.5 – Verification of Marine Boundary Layer Forecasts in Atmospheric River Environments using Dropsonde Observations
Kevin M. Lupo, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and M. Simpson and F. M. Ralph
33rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/29th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

11A.2 – Climate Change Effects on the December 2022 – January 2023 High Impact Series of Atmospheric Rivers Along the U.S. West Coast
Hunter Martinez-Buehrer, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL; and A. C. Michaelis, J. Cordeira, A. Gershunov, V. A. Gensini, PhD, CCM, A. Haberlie, W. S. Ashley, and F. M. Ralph
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

12B.6 – Benefits and Tradeoffs of Ensemble Resolution versus Ensemble Size for Orographic Precipitation Forecasts
Nora Rose Mascioli, SIO, La Jolla, CA; and D. F. Steinhoff, M. Simpson, M. Ghazvinian, R. Weihs, C. Papadopoulos, and L. Delle Monache
33rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/29th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

11A.3 – Characteristics, Impacts, and Historical Perspectives of Atmospheric Rivers along the U.S. East Coast during Winter 2023–2024
Nicholas D. Metz, Hobart & William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY; and J. Cordeira, H. B. Kostka, X. Zou, E. A. Slinskey, and F. M. Ralph
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

9B.4 – Differentiating between Impactful and Non-Impactful Atmospheric River Events in Southeast Alaska
Deanna Nash, J. J. Rutz, A. Jacobs, NWS, Juneau, AK
39th Conference on Hydrology

12A.3 – Inland-penetrating Atmospheric Rivers and Hydrometeorological Impacts in Colorado
Deanna L. Nash, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and J. J. Rutz, J. Cordeira, F. M. Ralph, K. J. Sanders, and E. Walter
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

11.5 – Influence of the Sierra Barrier Jet on the Distribution of Precipitation in Northern California
Yazmina Rojas Beltran, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA; and J. Cordeira
Fourth Symposium on Mesoscale Processes

Poster 825 – Howard Hanson Dam Operations with Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations and Climate Change
Michael Warner, US Army Corps of Engineers – Seattle District, Tacoma, WA; and S. Marxen, K. Brettmann, K. Comanor, A. McCall, R. Aoki, C. Talbot, and F. M. Ralph
13th Symposium on the Weather, Water, and Climate Enterprise

Poster 623 – The Role of Atmospheric Rivers in the Snowpack over the Upper Colorado River Basin during Water Year 2023
Zhenhai Zhang, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; F. M. Ralph, J. J. Rutz, and D. L. Nash
38th Conference on Climate Variability and Change

Thursday, 16 January 2025

15B.2 – What is the minimum ensemble size to reduce the uncertainty in the skill of West-WRF hydrometeorological forecasts over California?
Michael A. Brunke, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; and W. D. Scheftic, L. W. Siu, X. Zeng, L. Delle Monache, M. Simpson, and D. F. Steinhoff
33rd Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting (WAF)/29th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP)

Session 13 – Weather, Water, and Climate Applications for financial Decision-making I
Chairs: Jason Cordeira, UCSD Scripps, La Jolla, CA; Jon B. Davis, Barcelona, B. Spain
New Orleans Forum on Climate Linked Economics

Session 14 – Weather, Water, and Climate Applications for Financial Decision-making II
Chairs: Jason M. Cordeira, CW3E, UCSD Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA; Jon B. Davis, Barcelona, B, Spain
New Orleans Forum on Climate Linked Economics

Poster E98 – Deep Learning based Postprocessing for Freezing Level Forecasting over FIRO Watersheds
Vesta Afzali Gorooh, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and S. Roj, A. Sengupta, M. Ghazvinian, J. L. Bano Medina, R. Weihs, D. Axisa, J. F. Kalansky, and L. Delle Monache
24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Science

Poster 962 – AI Two-Step Machine Learning Process for Precipitation Nowcasting over the UAE Region
Eun Yeol Kim, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and V. Chandrasekar and L. Delle Monache
24th Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Science

14B.2 – Potential Benefits of Convection-Allowing Initial Conditions in a Variable-Resolution Global Data Assimilation System
Craig Schwartz, NCAR, Boulder, CO, J. Bresch, K. M. Lupo, J. Ban, J. Guerrette, B. Jung, Z. Liu, C. Snyder, S. Vahl, Y. Doy, Y.G. Yu
29th Conference on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface (IOAS-AOLS)

13.1 – Invited Speaker in Climate Linked Economics: Realized Benefits of Balancing Competing Purposes at US Army Corps of Engineers Reservoirs by Using Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations
Cary Talbot, PhD, PE, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS; U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS; and F. M. Ralph
New Orleans Forum on Climate Linked Economics

14.3 – Atmospheric River and Foehn Warming Effects over the Antarctic Peninsula
Xun Zou, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; and P. Rowe, I. V. Gorodetskaya, D. H. Bromwich, M. A. Lazzara, Z. Zhang, B. Kawzenuk, A. Orr, N. Hansen, J. Cordeira, and F. M. Ralph
Fourth Symposium on Mesoscale Processes

CW3E AR Update: 16 December 2024 Outlook

CW3E AR Update: 16 December 2024 Outlook

December 16, 2024

Click here for a pdf of this information.

Family of Atmospheric Rivers Forecast to Bring Heavy Precipitation to US West Coast

  • A series of atmospheric rivers (ARs) and low-pressure systems are forecast to develop over the North Pacific and propagate toward the US West Coast through the end of the week.
  • The first AR is forecast to make landfall early tomorrow and bring AR 2/AR 3 conditions (based on the Ralph et al. 2019 AR Scale) and heavy precipitation to coastal Washington and northern Oregon.
  • The second and third ARs are forecast to make landfall over British Columbia on Thu 19 Dec and Fri 20 Dec, with limited impacts expected over the US West Coast.
  • The fourth and fifth ARs are forecast to make landfall on Sat 21 Dec and Sun 22 Dec and potentially bring moderate-to-strong AR conditions (IVT > 500 kg m−1 s−1) and heavy precipitation to western Washington, western Oregon, and Northern California.
  • Extended range and subseasonal forecast products suggest that additional AR activity and wet conditions are likely to continue into next week, especially over the Pacific Northwest.
  • The NWS Weather Prediction Center is forecasting 10–20 inches of total precipitation over the Olympic Peninsula during the next 7 days.
  • Uncertainty in the forecast evolution of these ARs and shortwave troughs is driving uncertainty in forecast precipitation. In general, EPS is forecasting higher precipitation totals across coastal Washington and Oregon during the next 10 days compared to GEFS.
  • Numerous stream gages in western Washington and Oregon are forecast to rise above action/bankfull stage over the next 10 days. The combination of high freezing levels and heavy rain will likely increase runoff and flooding potential during the first AR.

Click images to see loops of GFS IVT and IWV forecasts

Valid 1200 UTC 16 December 2024 – 0000 UTC 23 December 2024

Summary provided by C. Castellano, J. Kalansky, S. Roj, and M. Steen; 16 December 2024

To sign up for email alerts when CW3E post new AR updates click here.

*Outlook products are considered experimental

For any unfamiliar terms, please refer to the American Meteorological Society Glossary.

CW3E AR Update: 9 December 2024 Outlook

CW3E AR Update: 9 December 2024 Outlook

December 9, 2024

Click here for a pdf of this information.

Unsettled Weather Pattern Likely to Return to US West Coast This Week

  • A series of mid-level shortwave troughs and atmospheric rivers (ARs) are forecast to impact the US West Coast starting around mid-week and potentially continuing into next week.
  • The first AR is forecast to bring a brief period of weak AR conditions (IVT < 500 kg m−1 s−1) to California late Wed 11 Dec into Thu 12 Dec.
  • A second and stronger AR is forecast to make landfall over Northern California Fri 13 Dec into Sat 14 Dec, but there is still some uncertainty regarding the timing, location, and magnitude of AR conditions.
  • Looking further ahead, deterministic and ensemble models are showing potential for additional landfalling AR activity next week.
  • The 00Z GEFS and EPS control members are forecasting an AR 2 (based on the Ralph et al. 2019 AR Scale) over most of coastal Northern California in association with the second AR.
  • The 12Z National Blend of Models (NBM) is forecasting at least 2–5 inches of total precipitation in portions of Northern California, western Oregon, and western Washington during the next 7 days.
  • Uncertainty in the forecast evolution of these ARs and shortwave troughs is driving uncertainty in forecast precipitation. In general, GEFS is forecasting higher precipitation totals across Northern California, western Oregon, and western Washington during the next 10 days compared to EPS.

Click images to see loops of GFS IVT and IWV forecasts

Valid 0000 UTC 9 December 2024 – 1200 UTC 16 December 2024

Summary provided by C. Castellano, J. Kalansky, and S. Roj; 9 December 2024

To sign up for email alerts when CW3E post new AR updates click here.

*Outlook products are considered experimental

For any unfamiliar terms, please refer to the American Meteorological Society Glossary.

CW3E Publication Notice: Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution

CW3E Publication Notice

Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution

December 2, 2024

A new paper titled “Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution” led by Aglaé Jézéquel, with multiple co-authors including CW3E’s Anna Wilson, was recently published in Environmental Research: Climate. Jézéquel proposes a multidimensional framework for Extreme Event Attribution (EEA) built on the framework proposed by Bastos et al. (2023) to study compound eco-climatic events. The new framework aims to bridge the EEA and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) communities by considering the contributions of both anthropogenic climate change and the structure of human societies to the impacts of extreme weather events. Jézéquel uses the new framework in this paper to examine five case studies, including California droughts and the Forecast Informed Reservoir Operations (FIRO) system as an adaptation strategy. This supports CW3E’s 2019-2024 Strategic Plan by documenting the potential benefits of using the best available science to inform reservoir operations.

The broader framework proposed by Jézéquel et al. includes attributions of disaster impacts to exposure and vulnerability. In the case study involving FIRO, Jézéquel et al. discusses how a model could be used to compare Lake Mendocino storage, with and without FIRO, and with and without climate change (Figure 1, Figure 6 from Jézéquel et al. 2024). The counterfactual world without the FIRO adaptation strategy displays a lower water supply in the drought year of water year 2020. By using the proposed framework and synthetic weather forecasts, tests could be run to determine how inflows to Lake Mendocino would be impacted by climate change, and whether the FIRO system would be robust to a counterfactual world with higher concentrations of greenhouse gases. Jézéquel also discusses how the framework could be used for analyzing the 2021-2022 Kenyan drought; the 2013-2015 marine heatwave in the northeast Pacific; the 2017 forest fires in Portugal; and Acqua Alta (flooding) events in Venice and evaluation of adaptation strategies.

Figure 1. (Figure 6 from Jézéquel et al. 2024) Partial causality chart for the 2020 California drought modulated by the use of the FIRO system.

Bastos, A., Sippel, S., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D., Zaehle, S., Zscheischler, J., & Reichstein, M. (2023). A joint framework for studying compound ecoclimatic events. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4, 333-350. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-023-00410-3

Jézéquel, A., Bastos, A., Wilson, A. M., Ramos, A. M., Shepherd, T. G., Stuart-Smith, R., Kimutai, J., Moemken, J., Zscheischler, J., Faranda, D., Lehner, F., Le Grix, N., Sippel, S., Bevacqua, E., Rufat, S., D’Andrea, F., Lloyd, E. A., & Van Loon, A. F. (2024). Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution Environmental Research: Climate, 3, 042003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad7527